Means for preventing the freezing of the cooling systems of automobiles.



H. E. KAILER. MEANS FOR PREVENTING THETREEZING 0F THE cooLlNG SYSTEMS oFlAuTomoBILEs., APPLICATION FILED MAR. 28. 1914.

' ,Qlgw Patented June 29, 1915.

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HARVEY E. KAILER, 0F CHICAGO, IILINOIS. v

MEANS FOR PREVIEN'IIN'G THE FREEZING' 0F COOLING SYSTEMS OF AUTOMOBILS.

v Specification of Letters Patent. Patented J une 29, 1915.

Application led March 28, 1914. Serial No. 827,828.

T0 all w71 om it may concern Be it known that I, HARVEY E. KAILER, a citizen ofthe United States, and resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for Prevent- -ng the Freezing of the Cooling Systems of Automobiles, of which the `following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

This invention relates to improvements in means for preventing the freezing of the cooling systems of automobiles exposed to a. water freezing temperature when at la standstill, and for which purpose the common and general practice prior to my invention has been to keep the engine running, or else introduce into the system a necessarily small quantity of alcohol, and to in extremely cold weather simultaneously employ both of these means.

The running of the engine of an automobile at a standstill is not only objectionable because of the expense incurred for fuel, to say nothing of the wear and tear produced, but because of the liability of its accidentally running away, if not fromA being stolen, whereas on the other` hand the use of alcohol is objectionablemot only because of its cost, but for the reason that it can only be used iny a comparatively small amount, and at best evaporates so quickly that its efliciency cannot be relied on when most needed.

The object of my invention broadly stated is to prevent for an indefinite timeand at a minimum cost of construction and opera tion the water cooling system for an engine from freezing when exposed to extreme cold weather' by means of a comparatively small stream of heated water, hot enough to induce and maintain continuous circulation therein, and so small that it will not raise the temperature of the cooling water materially or substantially above the degree it must have for cooling the engine, and at the same ytime make it possible and practical to utilize the cooling system water for that purpose.

A further object of my invention is to so Y -divert water from the cooling system of an engine for the purposes above described, that its current shall be generally in the same directionas that of the cooling water, and whereby` the diverted water may not obstruct the free circulation of the cooling water at any point of the cooling system.

A still further object of my invention is a means by which it is possible and practical to apply heat to and heat to quite a high degree a small fractional part of the bodv of the divertedwater whereby the smallest possible stream of water may be injected into vthe cooling system at the required degree of heat formaintaining continuous cir culatlon throughout the cooling system, and

at a corresponding reduction in the volume tion therewith, and in which my invention linds embodiment. Fig.`2 is a detail side elevation of the radiator of an automobile showing the device of my invention in its operative position relative thereto. Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail vertical section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 looking-in the direction indicated by the arrows. Fig. Il is a transverse section on the line i-4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail vertical section through the valve and huddling' chamber of my device, and Fig. 6' is a horizontal section takenon the line 6-6 of Fig. 5 look ing in the direction of the arrows.

Y lSimilar characters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of the drawing.

The radiator- 7 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is a construction commonly employed and through which a circulation of cooling water from a suitable source is conducted through the pipe 8 at the bottom of the radiator, and discharged through the pipe 9 at the. `top thereof, the radiator as usual being providedwith a removable plug or In carrying out my invention the pipe 8 by means of a pipe 11 is connected with and opens into an auxiliary water chamber 1Q, the outlet for which is a pipe 13 scrcwthreaded for a substantial portion of its length as indicated at 14', with its upper open end of the pipe 14 connected with the,

upper part of the radiator below the discharge pipe therefor, by a nipple 17, a small perforation 18 in the top of the expansion chamber immediately above thev pipe 14l serving as a means for the escape of steam and air accumulating therein, and thereby preventing an undue pressure in the pipes 14 and 17. To the lower end of the pipe 14 is secured in any suitable manner to form a tight joint with the pipe an inverted cup' like device 1'9, the bottom of which consists of a ring 20 removably screwed thereon for supporting a concavo convex plate 21 by means of radial arms 22.

The concavo` convex plate21 is the sole and axial support for a disk valve 23 of less diameter than. the internal dimensions of the cup device 19, whereby there may be atall times a free circulation of water upwardly between the radial arms 22 and around the disk valve 23, and therefore through the pipe 14, the upward movement of the disk valve being limited by an annular shoulder 24 internally of the part 1).A Concavo convex plate 21 may Vbe suspended slightly above the Walls of the semi-spherical chamber 25, but in practice is closely fitted to or rests upon the chamber 25, which for convenience is here designated as a huddling chamber. The disk valve 25, plate 21 and huddling chamber 25 are respectively provided axially with perforations 27, 28 and 29 through which a supply of Water may enter the chamber 25, and which on being heated discharges throughthese several devices into the pipe 14, and whereby means are provided for raising to a very high degree of heat a very small portion and fractional part of the water in the reservoir 12, and discharging a fine stream of hot water directly into the circulating system for the radiator, producing a circulation therein without substantially raising the temperature of the main body of the circulating water. Y

It will now be observed that the reservoir 12 will, in the operation of the device con tain a volume of water, the gravity of which is' sufficient to prevent the escape of steam from around the edges of the smaller 'reservoir formed by the cup device 19, and otherwise producing more or less of .a back pressure in the supply pipell, while at the same time the heat from the smaller reservoir and 'the pipe 14 is utilized for initially heating Di-v rectly below the bottom ofi' reservoir is avv the water in vthe auxiliary reservoir.

vapor burner for supplying heat theretinclosedv within a shell or flange 30 depending from and preferably .cast with the bottom of the water chamber and provided at its outwardly exposed side with a hinged door 31for access to the burner."

1 The vapor burner above referred to consists essentiallyI of. a box-like structure 32 provided with a removablecap or cover 33 having therethrough a series of perforations 34 and secur 'd to the sides of the shell 30 by means of yl gs 35 and bolts 36, the bottom end of which shell is open. Projecting through andV adjustable in the cap 33 is a needle valvdj37 opposed 'by a perforation 38 surrounded ljby the seat for the valve by means of which perforation' gasolene from the engine may be supplied through the pipe 39 to the burner. Surrounding the seat for the'needle valve is an inverted cone deflector 40, the walls of which and ofl the point of the needle valve 37 are approximately parallel, that is to say so inclined that gasolene discharging ,from the passage 38 will be deflected by the cone shaped point of the needle valve outwardly therefrom and by this means be supplied throughout the combustion chamber and correspondingly more uniformly intermingle the air admitted to this chamber through vsmall perforations 41- through the mixing chamber, and thereby secure a proper mixture of oil and gas projected through the perforations in l,the cap, and there ignited for applying heat to the water in the water chamber 12, the proportions of oil to a given amount of air being regulated by the needle valve, the head 42 of which is accessible through the door 32 for that purpose. To prevent the accumulation of oil in the mixing chamber or such a quantity as might possibly produce an explosion, the inverted cone 40 is provided with aY perforation 43 extended through the bottom of the mixing chamber through which such oil may be diseharged It will now be observed that the huddling chamber 25 being on a line axial with the burner, and surrounded as it were by the perforations 34 in the cap' 33 is thereby located at a point directly over and. where there is the greatest concentration ofheat from the burner, and that being in communication with lthe water in the' reservoir, it serves to so huddle a portion of the water therein that it is possible and practical to thereby heat a comparatively small body of water to a veryhigh degree of heat, and diS- charge it upwardly directly into and through the pipe 14 and thence onwardly into the water cooling system of an automobile in thepath of the current of the cooling water circulating therethrough, while in the meantime the temperature of the water in the reservoir surrounding the pipe 14 is maintainable at a much lower temperaturebut sufficiently warm to prevent the substantial chilling of the hot water, Vand steam perhaps therethrough in the pipe 14.

It is not the intention or purpose of my invention to-apply heat to or substantially raise the temperature of the cooling water in the circulating system, but to project therein and in the direction of its current a very small stream of water, the degree of heat of which will maintain a circulation of water throughout the system, and the temperature of moving water below its freezing point.

It is for the purpose of avoiding the possibility of raising the temperature of the circulating water substantially'A above its freezing point tha-t the disk valve 23 is employed, the operation of Which is, that when the temperature of the Water in the bottom of the reservoir and adjacent the disk valve is high enough to heat the water in the circulating system if permitted to discharge therein water so heated, will exert a force lifting the valve to its seat against the shoulder 24 and thereby limit the passage of hot Water therethrough to the axial perforation of the valve, which being quite small restricts the cooling water to the rece tion of but a Vvery line stream of heate water,

which, however highthe degree of heat applied thereto canuot raise the Atemperature of the cooling water to a degree substantially reducing its effectiveness, as al cooling medium for the engine. w

In short it is made possible and practical by my invention to promote the circulation of water' in a cooling system for automobiles in a non-freezing temperature, and to prevent the water from freezing therein when the engine is at a standstill, and no longer supplies heat thereto in ^the coldest of Weather for an unlimited time, and at a minimum cost of operation of the device ac- 4o complishing this most important object.

In conclusion it should be observed that the device by which water is divertedl from the cooling system and returned thereto in a heated condition constitutes a branch in the water cooling system, and that my invention is not limited toits location' as herein shown and described, ifand when located and-connected to some other point therein substantially the same results will be produced. j

Having described my invention, what I claim and desire'to secure by Letters Patent 1s:

l. The combination with a water cooling system for engines, comprising a radiator, a

Water jacket and an inlet and outlet pipe for the radiator, of means diverting Water from and returning it into the current thereof,-

means for isolating a small portion of Water from, and returning it in the form o f a 'et into the diverted current, and means for heating said isolated Water, whereby a continuous circulation of Water in a cooling sysl tem exposed to-a freezing temperature is maintained without substantially reducing the cooling eiciency of the water therein.

lcreasing the 2. The combination with a water cooling system for engines comprising a radiator and a water jacket, and an inlet and outlet pipe for the radiator, of means ydiverting the Water from and returning it into the current thereof, means for contracting the diverted current of water, and means for applying heat to the contracted portion of saidv Water current.

3. The combination with a Water cooling system of an engine, comprising a radiator,

a water jacket, and a supply and discharge pipe therefor, of a pipe externally of the radiator connecting said inlet and outlet pipe provided with an intermediate Contracted passage for the water, a valve for controlling the passage of Water` therethrough, and means for applying heat to the contracted current of water during its passage from the inlet to the outlet pipe of the radiator.

4. The combination with the water cooling system for an engine, of means for d1- verting a small stream of water therefrom and returning it into the current thereof, an enlarged water chamber therein, means for isolating a small portion of the water in said chamber, and means for'isolating and a'pplying heat to-a fractional part thereof, and directing it in a heated condition onward to the cooling Water.'

5. The combination With'the water cooling system for an engine comprising a radiator and Water jacket, of a Water heating'` branch therefor, comprising an outlet pipe yandan inlet pipe in open communication with the cooling water of saidy system, a Water reservoir connecting said pipes and in the path of the current of -water ltherethrough, means for applying heat to the contents of said reservoir, and a water huddling chamber thereindirectly in the path of the current of water flowing through the in-` let pipe to the cooling system, whereby a l comparatively very small j amount of the water in the reservoir may be highly heated and discharged into the cooling system in a small stream for maintaining continuous circulation therein without substantially intemperature of the cooling 11,5 water.

6. A water cooling system for engines comprising a radiator and a water jacket, a water heating system branching therefrom, an outlet pipe therefor, a water reservoir 12 into which said pipe projects, means suspended from said pipe forming a waterl chamber open at its bottom end, al disk v alve therein, provided with a central perforation,

A a seat for said valve, and a stop therefor for 195 limiting the volume of water passing from the reservoir to the said outlet pipe.

7. A water cooling system for engines comprising a radiator and a water jacket, provided with a branch system for heating water diverted therefrom, comprising in substantially higher degree than the body of combination a Water reservoir, an inlet pipe Water inthe reservoir and passes thence in 15 therefor, a discharge pipe projecting thereaA direct line to the discharge pipe and the in and terminating above the bottom there- How of the Water from the reservoir to said 5 of, a contracted Water chamber suspended `pipe is adju/stably restricted.

therefrom, a disk valve therein, a seat there- In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my for, a Water huddling chamber below said hand and affixed my seal, this 26th dayv of 20 seat, andv (peid 1passagle tirough laid vtllvef,l March, Afl) 1914. seat an u -mg c am er in t e pat -o T 10 the current of Water through the discharge HAI EY E' KAILE'R' [L-S'] f pipe, and a burner beneath .the huddling Witnesses# l chamber andthe reservoir whereby the con- JNo. ELLIOTT, tents of the huddling chamber is heated toV a MiLDRE-D ELSNER. 

